• • Optimal formulation: weathered granite soil:granite waste rock powder:waste glass powder = 5.6:2.4:2 (by mass) yields ceramsite with compressive strength of 1.74 MPa, demonstrating effective multi-source solid waste synergy.
• • Sintering parameters: preheating at 480 °C, sintering at 1140 °C for 32 min produce optimal pore structure and mechanical performance, reducing energy consumption compared to conventional 1250 °C processes.
• • The ceramsite exhibits excellent heavy metal immobilization, ensuring environmental safety for Cr and Pb, making it suitable for construction and water treatment applications.
• • The synergistic mechanism involves silicon-aluminum complementarity (weathered soil and rock powder), fluxing action (waste glass powder), and functional coupling of liquid phase generation, crystal precipitation, and pore development, enabling stable pore formation without non-renewable clay additives.