Key Environmental Behaviors and Pollution Control Strategies of Tire Wear Particles in Aquatic Environments

• • TWPs constitute up to 90% of microplastics in urban stormwater runoff, with an estimated annual emission of 481,000 tons from light-duty vehicles in China in 2022, exceeding tailpipe particulate emissions. • • TWPs exhibit high adsorption capacity for coexisting pollutants; for example, Fenton aging significantly enhances the heavy metal adsorption capacity of polystyrene microplastics, suggesting similar effects on TWPs. • • The release of intrinsic additives from TWPs, such as zinc and organic compounds, is a critical ecotoxicological concern, with chronic toxicity observed in water- and sediment-dwelling organisms. • • Aggregation and sedimentation of TWPs in water are influenced by ionic strength and pH, with critical coagulation concentrations varying accordingly, affecting their transport and fate.