• • ICOFs integrate ionic sites into COF backbones or pores, overcoming neutral COFs' limited electronic tunability and poor charge transport, enabling efficient ion migration and charge separation.
• • Since 2015, when Zhang et al. first constructed ICOFs via spiroborate linkages, the field has expanded rapidly, with applications in adsorption, sensing, ion conduction, energy devices, photocatalysis, and electrocatalysis.
• • Cationic COF nanosheets have demonstrated fast Li-ion conduction, with specific conductivity values reported in the literature (e.g., 2.7 mS/cm at room temperature for a cationic COF membrane).
• • Quaternary-ammonium-functionalized COFs have achieved anion conductivity up to 0.21 S/cm at 80°C and 95% relative humidity, highlighting their potential in fuel cell membranes.