• • CB-s NPs achieved 92% tumor suppression in 4T1 models, outperforming CB-c NPs by 1.2-fold, demonstrating superior synergistic PDT/PTT efficacy.
• • Redox-responsive disulfide bonds in CB-s NPs enabled 90% dissociation within 30 h under tumor-relevant conditions, ensuring spatiotemporally controlled therapeutic activation.
• • Both CB-c and CB-s NPs exhibited exceptional colloidal stability exceeding 60 days, eliminating the need for surfactants and addressing long-term stability concerns.
• • Histological and blood parameter analyses confirmed no tissue damage or necrosis across major organs, validating the biosafety of these carrier-free nanoparticles.