• • Interlayer spacing regulation via CTAB pre-pillaring and Sn4+ pillaring in Ti3C2 MXene enables precise control of ion diffusion pathways, directly improving rate capability and cycling stability in supercapacitors; this addresses the stacking-induced performance loss that limits energy density in flexible devices.
• • MXene/nylon scaffolds combined with polydopamine solid-electrolyte interphase achieve dendrite-free zinc deposition in flexible zinc-ion batteries, enhancing cycle life and safety; this is critical for commercializing flexible batteries where dendrite penetration causes short circuits.
• • MXene-bonded flexible hard carbon films as anodes for sodium/potassium-ion storage demonstrate stable cycling over hundreds of cycles, with high reversible capacity; this provides a scalable route for grid-scale energy storage using abundant elements.
• • Grafted MXene-based electrolytes enable 5 V-class solid-state batteries, pushing energy density beyond conventional liquid-electrolyte systems; this breakthrough addresses the voltage stability bottleneck in solid-state batteries, enabling higher energy output for portable electronics.