In vitro degradation and photo-stimulated antibacterial activity of 2D-co-3D MOFs coating on AZ31 magnesium alloy

• • MAO/ZIF-8@PD coating reduced corrosion current density by three orders of magnitude (from ~10^-5 to ~10^-8 A/cm²) compared to MAO coating, providing superior corrosion protection for AZ31 Mg alloy implants. • • Under 808 nm NIR laser, both coatings achieved ≥99.5% bactericidal rates against E. coli and S. aureus, combining photothermal (PTT) and photodynamic (PDT) effects with Zn2+ release. • • Photothermal conversion efficiencies were 44.01% (two-step) and 48.57% (one-step), indicating effective NIR-to-heat conversion for localized antibacterial therapy. • • The one-step (OS) method produced a different 2D-co-3D MOF structure with higher photothermal efficiency and distinct degradation behavior, offering tunable performance for biomedical coatings.