• •
[email protected] achieves a photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate of 3789.45 μmol g−1 h−1, which is 4.4 times higher than pristine ZIS (859.57 μmol g−1 h−1) and 264.4 times higher than FIR-125 (15.32 μmol g−1 h−1), demonstrating a significant performance leap for precious-metal-free photocatalysts.
• • The heterojunction exhibits exceptional stability, retaining performance over five consecutive cycles and 16 hours of continuous reaction, with no significant loss of activity, color, or morphology, indicating robust structural integrity for long-term operation.
• • The optimized
[email protected] composition balances light absorption, carrier separation, and surface reaction, as evidenced by the lowest exciton binding energy (Eb) among the F@Z-X series, which directly correlates with the highest carrier separation efficiency (η2).
• • The core-shell heterojunction design, with in-situ growth of ZIS nanosheets on FIR-125, creates abundant intimate contact interfaces and well-matched band structures, which are critical for efficient charge transfer and enhanced photocatalytic activity.