Hierarchically porous fibrous carbon containing Fe3O4 particles and doped with both N and S derived from polypyrrole modified lignosulphonate-bacterial cellulose for use in high performance supercapacitors

• • C-BCLP achieves a specific capacitance of 338.3 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 and retains 191.6 F g−1 at 10 A g−1, demonstrating high rate capability essential for power delivery applications. • • The electrode retains 99.1% of its initial capacitance after 10,000 charge-discharge cycles at 10 A g−1, indicating exceptional long-term stability for commercial supercapacitor deployment. • • The synthesis leverages sustainable biomass precursors (bacterial cellulose, lignosulfonic acid) and a simple carbonization process, offering a cost-effective and environmentally benign route compared to conventional carbon materials. • • The hierarchical porous structure combined with N/S co-doping and Fe3O4 nanoparticles enhances charge storage through synergistic effects, providing a blueprint for designing high-performance electrodes.