• • Optimal Tb3+ single-doping concentration in LBSO is 37%, but co-doping with 20% Gd3+ raises it to 50%, directly demonstrating suppression of concentration quenching and enabling higher activator loading for increased luminescence yield.
• • The LBSO:20%Gd3+,50%Tb3+ sample achieves 542 nm emission intensity 2.22 times that of the 37%Tb3+ single-doped sample, indicating a substantial enhancement in photoluminescence output critical for scintillator sensitivity.
• • Scintillation efficiency of the optimized glass is 38% relative to BGO, and X-ray imaging resolution exceeds 20 lp mm−1, positioning it as a competitive candidate for high-resolution X-ray detection applications.
• • Gd3+-Tb3+ energy transfer efficiency reaches up to 80%, confirming efficient sensitization; combined with cluster dispersion, this dual mechanism provides a design strategy for enhancing luminescence in rare-earth-doped glasses.