• • Super-resolution fluorescence imaging resolves heterogeneous diffusion within hierarchical pores, quantifying diffusion coefficients (e.g., 10^-10 m^2/s) that directly impact mass transfer efficiency in FCC catalysts, enabling pore architecture optimization to reduce diffusion limitations by up to 30%.
• • Nanoscale localization of acid sites via single-molecule imaging reveals accessibility variations (e.g., 40% of Brønsted sites inaccessible in unmodified ZSM-5), guiding alkali treatment to increase accessible acid sites by 50%, thereby enhancing catalytic activity in cracking reactions.
• • Spatiotemporal mapping of coke formation identifies initial coke precursors at step edges and pore mouths, with coke growth rates correlating with acid site density; this informs strategies to suppress coking, extending catalyst lifetime by 20% in methanol-to-olefin processes.
• • Quantitative 3D fluorescence imaging of single catalytic turnovers reveals reactivity gradients within H-ZSM-5 crystals upon steaming, showing a 2-fold decrease in turnover frequency at external shell regions, guiding steaming protocols to maintain uniform activity.