Eliminate Drug-Resistant Bacterial Infection and Accelerate Cutaneous Wound Repair by Antimicrobial, Angiogenic, and Immunomodulating Microneedles

• • The MN system achieves >99.9% killing of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in vitro, a critical threshold for clinical efficacy against multidrug-resistant pathogens, demonstrating superior antimicrobial performance compared to conventional antibiotic therapies. • • Upregulation of endogenous nitric oxide (NO) release and CD31 expression in human vascular endothelial cells confirms pro-angiogenic activity, essential for restoring blood supply to ischemic wound beds and accelerating tissue regeneration. • • Macrophage polarization from pro-inflammatory M1 to pro-reparative M2 phenotype is induced, shifting the wound microenvironment from chronic inflammation to resolution, a key immunomodulatory mechanism for healing impaired wounds. • • In a mouse model of MRSA-infected skin wounds, the MN system significantly promotes granulation tissue formation and collagen deposition, leading to accelerated wound closure, validating translational potential for clinical wound care.