Electrokinetics of Organic-Inorganic Composite Materials for Electrocatalysis and Energy Storage

• • MOF-based composites achieve CO2-to-methane faradaic efficiencies exceeding 80% at current densities above 200 mA cm−2, demonstrating industrial relevance for carbon utilization. • • Single-atom catalysts with tailored coordination environments (e.g., Co-Nx) exhibit turnover frequencies up to 0.5 s−1 for CO2 electroreduction, outperforming conventional nanoparticles by an order of magnitude. • • In situ transmission electron microscopy reveals dynamic morphological changes in battery electrodes, with observed volume expansions of up to 300% during cycling, informing mechanical stability requirements for commercial cells. • • Operando synchrotron X-ray microscopy enables real-time tracking of phase transformations, achieving spatial resolutions below 50 nm, critical for optimizing composite electrode architectures.