Electrocatalytic Oxidation Performance and Mechanism of Porous Active Metal Oxide Coated Anode for Congo Red Degradation

• • Achieved 91% decolorization of Congo red within 20 min and 82% mineralization within 60 min under optimal conditions (5 mA·cm−2, 480 L·(m2·h)−1, 0.15 mmol·L−1 CR, 75 mmol·L−1 NaCl), demonstrating high efficiency for high-salinity wastewater treatment. • • Flow-through mode enhanced mass transfer with a rate constant of 2.23×10−4 m·s−1, three times higher than conventional mode, and reduced diffusion layer thickness to 2.68 μm, significantly improving pollutant-anode contact. • • Active chlorine and H2O2 production increased by 32.8% and 66.7% respectively, reaching 0.61 mmol·L−1 and 0.24 mmol·L−1, enabling efficient generation of singlet oxygen (1O2) as the dominant reactive species. • • The system achieved >90% decolorization for five typical dyes with an energy consumption of only 0.16 kWh·m−3, indicating cost-effectiveness and broad applicability for industrial textile effluents.