Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells Enabled by Co-Depositable p-Type Small Molecules

• • D4PA-based small-area PSCs achieved a record PCE of 26.83% (certified 26.72%), surpassing the previous Me-4PACz-based certified efficiency of 26.15%, demonstrating a tangible efficiency gain for commercial viability. • • Mini-modules with an effective area of 10.86 cm2 reached a PCE of 23.37% and a certified MPPT efficiency of 22.66%, indicating scalability potential for industrial manufacturing. • • D4PA-based devices retained 97.2% of initial efficiency after 2500 hours of continuous operation at MPP under one-sun illumination, far outperforming reference devices, addressing operational stability concerns critical for long-term deployment. • • EQE-EL of D4PA-based devices was 15.25% versus 6.23% for Me-4PACz, indicating superior defect passivation and reduced non-radiative recombination, which directly translates to higher open-circuit voltage and efficiency.