• • Blends mixing mode in CP-CRM increased tar yield by 35.29% relative to CP-N2, demonstrating a significant enhancement in liquid product yield for integrated coal-biomass pyrolysis.
• • Blends mode yielded higher light oil content and lower pitch content in tar compared to layered modes (NMH/ELM and ELM/NMH), indicating improved tar quality with reduced heavy components.
• • Phenols content in tar increased by 19.52% (Blends) and 33.27% (NMH/ELM) under CP-CRM versus CP-N2, showing that mixing mode and CRM atmosphere can selectively enhance valuable phenolic compounds.
• • Free radical concentration in tar was lower under CP-CRM than CP-N2, suggesting that CRM-derived radicals effectively stabilize pyrolysis radicals, suppressing secondary reactions and improving process efficiency.