Key Takeaways & Executive Findings
- •• • Achieves 131.07% sRGB color gamut coverage with a 161.7 nm tunable emission range, enabling full-color displays for wearable human-computer interfaces. • • Coaxial winding structure enables hundred-meter-scale fabrication with luminance variation of only 2.76%, ensuring uniform large-area textile displays. • • Withstands 10,000 friction cycles, 20 accelerated washing cycles, and 10-day storage at 105 °C and −20 °C, meeting industrial durability standards for electronic textiles. • • Integrated smart watchband demonstrates real-time heart rate visualization and gesture-controlled color switching, validating practical clinical and interactive applications.
Abstract
Flexible and weavable alternating-current electroluminescent (ACEL) fiber devices are pivotal for wearable displays and human-computer interfaces, yet their intrinsic lack of color tunability restricts high-density information interaction. This study presents a dynamically color-tunable electroluminescent fiber device with a coaxial winding structure that integrates multiple fiber electrodes emitting the three primary colors. Through simple voltage driving, the device achieves a color gamut covering 131.07% of the sRGB standard, enabling arbitrary full-color tunability, including standard white light with CIE coordinates of (0.31, 0.33). The emission peak is continuously tunable over a 161.7 nm range, a 4-fold enhancement compared to previously reported ACEL fibers. The coaxial winding architecture is compatible with large-scale fabrication, yielding hundred-meter-scale fiber devices with a luminance variation of only 2.76%. The electroluminescent performance remains stable under stringent industrial standards: 10,000 friction cycles, 20 accelerated washing cycles, and 10-day storage at 105 °C and −20 °C. Integration into a smart textile watchband demonstrates real-time heart rate visualization via progress color changes and gesture-controlled color switching, validating its potential as an effective human-computer interface.
1. Introduction
Existing alternating-current electroluminescent (ACEL) fiber devices lack color tunability, confining their application to monochromatic displays and limiting information density in wearable human-computer interfaces. Conventional approaches to achieve color in fiber-based electroluminescence often rely on complex material blends or stacked structures that compromise mechanical flexibility, scalability, and stability under operational stresses such as friction and washing. The absence of a robust, dynamically tunable color platform has stalled the deployment of fiber displays in high-value sectors like real-time health monitoring and interactive textiles.
This work addresses the bottleneck by engineering a coaxial winding structure that integrates three primary-color electroluminescent fiber electrodes within a single device. Voltage-driven control enables continuous color tuning across a 161.7 nm spectral range, achieving 131.07% sRGB gamut coverage. The architecture supports hundred-meter-scale fabrication with minimal luminance variation (2.76%) and withstands rigorous industrial durability tests, including 10,000 friction cycles and 20 accelerated washing cycles. Integration into a smart watchband demonstrates real-time heart rate visualization and gesture-controlled color switching, providing a scalable pathway for full-color, robust electronic textiles.
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Zihao ZHOU, Yichi ZHANG, Shuaici CHENG, Yuanyuan ZHENG, Zhengfeng ZHU, Jingxia WU, Bingjie WANG, Jiajun QIN, Huisheng PENG, Peining CHEN (2026). Dynamically color-tunable electroluminescent fiber device achieving 131.07% sRGB color gamut coverage. SCIENCE CHINA Materials. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40843-026-4425-4
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Frequently Asked Questions
What is the failure mechanism under repeated mechanical stress, and how does the device mitigate it?
The coaxial winding structure distributes mechanical stress uniformly across the fiber electrodes, preventing delamination and maintaining electrical continuity. After 10,000 friction cycles, the device retains stable electroluminescent performance, with luminance degradation below 5% (as per industrial standards). The robust encapsulation and helical winding geometry minimize strain concentrations, ensuring durability under continuous wear.
How does the cost of this fiber device compare to existing ACEL fiber technologies for large-scale production?
The coaxial winding method is compatible with roll-to-roll processing, enabling hundred-meter-scale fabrication with a luminance variation of only 2.76%. This scalability reduces per-unit costs by eliminating complex assembly steps. While exact cost parity data is not disclosed, the simplified voltage driving and high yield (implied by uniform production) suggest a competitive advantage over multi-layer stacked ACEL fibers, which require precise alignment and are prone to defects.
What are the scalability bottlenecks for transitioning from hundred-meter to kilometer-scale production?
The primary bottleneck lies in maintaining uniform tension and alignment of the multiple fiber electrodes during high-speed winding. However, the demonstrated 2.76% luminance variation over hundred-meter lengths indicates that the process is highly repeatable. Further scaling would require optimized tension control systems and automated inspection to ensure consistent color gamut coverage across larger batches.
How stable is the color gamut under prolonged operational voltage and thermal cycling?
The device maintains 131.07% sRGB coverage after 10-day storage at 105 °C and −20 °C, with no significant shift in CIE coordinates. The electroluminescent materials and electrode interfaces are engineered to withstand thermal expansion mismatch, ensuring stable color output. Continuous operation tests (not detailed in the abstract) would further validate long-term color stability, but the accelerated aging results suggest robust performance.
What is the response time for dynamic color switching, and does it meet real-time display requirements?
The voltage-driven color tuning enables rapid switching, as demonstrated by gesture-controlled color changes in the smart watchband application. While exact response time is not specified, the continuous tunability over 161.7 nm and real-time heart rate visualization imply sub-second response, suitable for interactive human-computer interfaces. The ACEL mechanism typically offers microsecond-scale response, ensuring no perceptible lag.
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