Determination of 22 Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Surface Water by Solid-Phase Extraction with Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry

• • Achieved method detection limits of 0.2–0.6 ng/L and quantification limits of 0.8–2.4 ng/L for 22 PFAS, enabling trace-level monitoring in surface water. • • Linear range of 1–250 µg/L with R² > 0.995, providing a wide dynamic range for both low-level and high-concentration samples. • • Recoveries of 76.4%–139% in surface water and 85.3%–139% in blank water, with RSD < 15% (n=6), ensuring accuracy and precision for regulatory compliance. • • The novel methanol extraction of particulate matter eliminates negative bias from particle adsorption, increasing recovery rates by up to 20% compared to conventional methods, critical for total PFAS assessment.