Determination of 2-Bromostyrene in Water by Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction Coupled with Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

• • Optimal HS-SPME conditions: 50 μm DVB/30 μm CAR/PDMS fiber, 30 °C extraction temperature, 30 min extraction time, 1000 r·min−1 stirring, 2.5 g NaCl; these parameters maximize extraction efficiency and minimize analysis time, enabling high-throughput monitoring. • • Method achieves a detection limit of 13.8 ng·L−1 and quantification limit of 55.3 ng·L−1, with a linear range of 100–5000 ng·L−1 (R² = 0.9994), meeting trace-level monitoring requirements for 2-bromostyrene in environmental waters. • • Recoveries from spiked tap and surface water samples were 90.2%–102.2% with relative standard deviations of 5%–11%, demonstrating high accuracy and precision, and statistical validation (P > 0.05) confirms robustness for routine analysis. • • The method uses HS-SPME, which eliminates solvent consumption and reduces matrix effects compared to solid-phase extraction, providing a cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternative for monitoring brominated disinfection by-products.