• • Pyrolysis achieves the highest carbon offset of -3,024 kgCO2e per tonne of waste plastic, resulting in a net negative carbon footprint of -2,592 kgCO2e, making it the most effective route for climate mitigation.
• • Mechanical recycling attains an 88% material recovery rate and a net carbon offset of -991.4 kgCO2e per tonne, but faces technical bottlenecks in sorting efficiency and product quality stability.
• • Direct incineration exhibits the highest net carbon emission at 1,104 kgCO2e per tonne, underscoring its environmental disadvantage compared to chemical and mechanical recycling.
• • Alcoholysis provides a net carbon emission of -259.5 kgCO2e per tonne, indicating moderate carbon reduction potential, while co-coking and solid fuel production yield net positive emissions of 185.8 and 115.4 kgCO2e, respectively.