• • The mean light attenuation coefficient (Kd) was 10.31±3.76 m⁻¹, indicating severe light limitation; to support submerged macrophyte colonization, Kd must be reduced to ≤4.95 m⁻¹, a 52% reduction, which is essential for achieving the required euphotic depth.
• • The mean euphotic depth (Zeu) was 0.53±0.24 m, significantly lower than the average water depth of 0.94±0.29 m; thus, Zeu must be increased to ≥0.94 m to allow light penetration to the bottom, a critical prerequisite for macrophyte establishment.
• • Water transparency (SD) must be ≥0.41 m, derived from the Zeu–SD relationship; this corresponds to a Secchi depth increase of approximately 77% from current levels, which is a practical target for water clarity management.
• • Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) must be ≤3.8 μg/L, as it was identified as the most influential direct factor on light attenuation; controlling algal biomass to this threshold is necessary to reduce Kd and improve underwater light availability.