• • Acrolein, hydrogen sulfide, isobutyraldehyde, m-xylene, p-xylene, and ethanol were identified as characteristic odor substances; acrolein was ubiquitous across all emission points, indicating its role as a universal tracer for odor control in ink manufacturing.
• • Odor dispersion extended 1.4–2.6 km beyond the facility boundary, defining the required buffer zone and informing setback distances for sensitive receptors.
• • Vertical odor impact at a sensitive point 1 km away peaked at 30 m height (about 10 stories), demonstrating that mid-rise buildings face the highest odor exposure, which is critical for urban planning near industrial zones.
• • The sewage treatment station exhaust stack contributed 53.26% of total odor emissions, making it the primary target for upgrading air pollution control devices to achieve cost-effective odor reduction.