• • P3-based non-fullerene ETL achieved a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 16.06% on 0.04 cm2 TPSCs, surpassing fullerene-based ICBA devices, indicating superior charge extraction and reduced interfacial recombination.
• • The non-fullerene ETLs (P1, P2, P3) exhibit higher electron mobility than ICBA, as confirmed by space-charge-limited current (SCLC) measurements, enabling more efficient charge transport in the device.
• • The P3 ETL demonstrates a larger water-contact angle compared to ICBA, indicating improved moisture resistance, which is critical for device stability under ambient conditions.
• • The molecular engineering of fluorinated tri-receptor polymers allows for simplified synthesis and low cost, addressing the high synthesis costs of fullerene derivatives and facilitating scalable production.