• • Frustrated antipolar ordering via paraelectric non-polar components increases the forward transition field (Ef), enabling higher energy density; this directly addresses the low energy density bottleneck of AFE capacitors, which has limited their use in high-power applications.
• • The internal field generated by polarization discontinuity between antipolar and non-polar regions suppresses the field in antipolar regions, reducing hysteretic loss and improving energy efficiency; this is critical for minimizing heat generation and extending device lifetime in repetitive cycling.
• • The reverse transition field (Er) is effectively enhanced, leading to a slimmer hysteresis loop (low Ef − Er), which translates to higher energy efficiency; this parameter is crucial for applications requiring rapid charge-discharge cycles with minimal energy waste.
• • The strategy achieves a synergistic balance between high maximum polarization (Pm) and low remnant polarization (Pr), yielding both high energy density and high efficiency; this dual improvement is essential for meeting the demanding requirements of pulsed power systems and electric vehicles.