• • The memsensor operates without external bias, eliminating power sources and simplifying miniaturization; it achieves non-volatile conductance switching via In3+ doping of VO2, with conductance change correlated to NaCl concentration and reversible by H2O2 treatment.
• • The device emulates C. elegans gustatory plasticity: conductance change rate (∂C/∂t) mimics ASEL response to high-concentration duration, while resistance change rate (∂R/∂t) mimics ASER response to NaCl-off duration, enabling adaptive chemotaxis.
• • In a model boat demonstration, after 'starvation' training in high NaCl concentration, the boat avoids high-concentration zones; after training in low concentration, it migrates toward high-concentration zones, showcasing adaptive navigation without external control.
• • The bias-free design addresses a key bottleneck in iontronics—dependence on external electrodes and power—facilitating large-scale integration and potential applications in autonomous microsystems and neuromorphic computing.