Assessment Methodology and Application for Stabilization Process of Aged Municipal Solid Waste Landfills

• • The proposed framework enables stabilization assessment under data-scarce conditions, using AT4 (aerobic respiration rate) as a key biological stability metric, which is critical for aged landfills where historical data are often incomplete. • • Spatial analysis revealed that stabilization degree varies significantly with depth and horizontal location; waste age correlates with higher degradation, but leachate recirculation of membrane concentrate (high salinity) inhibits microbial activity, slowing stabilization in affected zones. • • LandGEM model predictions, combined with methane generation patterns, indicate that none of the four zones (A, B, C, D) had reached full stabilization; predicted completion times range from 1 year (Zone A) to 17 years (Zone D), providing a temporal roadmap for management. • • The study proposes a three-pronged management strategy: zoned gradient management, targeted control of lag zones, and dynamic planning, which translates scientific findings into actionable engineering practices for transitioning from passive remediation to proactive control.