• • Military activities affect over 2% of global land area, with training and testing causing soil hydraulic property changes, biodiversity decline, and greenhouse gas emissions, necessitating targeted remediation.
• • Contamination at military sites includes heavy metals, total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH), energetic compounds (TNT, RDX, HMX), and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), with pollution levels reaching high concentrations in groundwater across multiple countries.
• • The study identifies four key research directions: data monitoring and sharing, in-situ remediation for military-civilian integrated combined pollution, green construction of military facilities, and management system optimization, to address unique constraints of military sites.
• • Military ecological research faces constraints such as site confidentiality and the complexity of mixed pollutants, requiring tailored technologies and standards distinct from civilian applications.