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An Ionic Hydrogel-Based 3D Force Sensor for Multidimensional Password Input and Enhanced Security

Authors: ZHAO Haoyang; LI Xiaoqin; ZHUANG Xinming; GUO Qikai; ZHANG Min; LI Yang

DOI: 10.1007/s40843-026-4110-9Status: Verified Translated Edition
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Key Findings in This Report

• • The sensor achieves a linear response to normal forces from 1 to 25 N with R²=0.99, ensuring reliable force magnitude measurement across a wide operational range. • • Stable sensitivity for shear forces within 0–4 N enables accurate detection of force direction, critical for multidimensional input and tactile perception. • • The sensor's piezoresistive mechanism based on ionic hydrogels offers a simple structure and mature fabrication, facilitating integration into flexible electronic systems. • • Demonstrated application in a flexible password security system expands traditional 1D password input to multidimensional formats (numeric, alphabetic, Morse code), enhancing information security.