Advancing lithium-air capacitor batteries through redox pair-enabled dual-cathode configurations

• • RM-enhanced LACB achieved over 250 cycles at 2 mA cm−2 with a limited capacity of 0.5 mAh cm−2, demonstrating a 1.28-fold improvement over PP-RM-LACB (218 cycles) and addressing cyclability bottlenecks for practical high-power applications. • • Charging voltage reduced by 0.54 V at 0.1 mA cm−2 compared to RM-free system, directly improving energy efficiency and reducing parasitic reactions, critical for lowering operational costs in grid-scale storage. • • Aluminum foil sealing technique enabled a power density of 13.8 mW cm−2 at 6 mA cm−2, overcoming mass transport limitations in open-cell configurations, essential for high-rate applications such as electric vehicle regenerative braking. • • PET oxygen barrier film (superior barrier) yielded 279 cycles at 1 mA cm−2 with 0.5 mAh cm−2 limit, 1.28 times higher than PP-RM-LACB (218 cycles), and maintained 0.5 mAh cm−2 at 4 mA cm−2 vs. 0.13 mAh cm−2 for PP, proving that effective oxygen isolation preserves capacitor electrode porosity and RM-mediated electron transfer, enhancing rate capability and longevity.