• • The adaptive distance protection setting is updated every 5 minutes, which reduces the impact of solar irradiance fluctuations on protection reliability; in contrast, prediction-based methods exhibit significant setting errors when actual irradiance deviates from forecast samples, increasing the risk of protection failure.
• • The scheme relies solely on local measurements to iteratively solve the IIDG short-circuit current, eliminating the need for real-time data exchange between line ends; this cuts communication infrastructure investment, which is particularly advantageous for distribution networks with limited communication capabilities.
• • The proposed protection remains immune to variations in IIDG-T connected capacity, fault location, and fault type (three-phase and two-phase short circuits), effectively resolving maloperation and failure issues caused by T-connected IIDG integration in active distribution networks.
• • By dynamically adjusting the distance protection setting in response to IIDG output fluctuations, the scheme suppresses the negative effects of T-connected IIDG output variability on protection performance, thereby enhancing operational reliability under high penetration of renewable generation.