A self-powered artificial tactile perception system with self-protection functionality based on tellurene threshold switching memristor

• • Te TS memristor achieves low high-resistance-state variation, critical for reliable threshold switching in neuromorphic circuits; this reduces encoding errors in artificial nociceptors and LIF neurons, directly impacting yield and calibration costs in tactile sensor arrays. • • Integration of PENG with LIF neuron enables self-powered operation, eliminating external bias and reducing system power budget; this is essential for wearable and implantable devices where battery replacement is impractical. • • Self-protection functionality (hand retraction reflex) is demonstrated under mechanical stimulation, providing an intrinsic safety mechanism that prevents sensor overload and damage, extending operational lifetime in robotic and prosthetic applications. • • The system emulates biological nociceptive and LIF neuron behavior, achieving spike encoding without complex CMOS circuitry; this reduces circuit complexity by an estimated order of magnitude, lowering manufacturing cost and enabling high-density tactile arrays.