• • The multi-stage sodium compensation strategy reduces initial active sodium loss by 36.53%, directly addressing the primary capacity degradation mechanism in sodium-ion batteries.
• • A single activation event during cycling provides an additional 0.115 mAh cm−2 of active sodium, enabling sustained compensation for continuous SEI growth.
• • The multi-replenished HC||NFPP-M cell maintains a specific capacity of 82.15 mAh g−1 after 350 cycles, a 55.56 mAh g−1 improvement over the untreated cell, demonstrating exceptional long-term cycling stability.
• • The cell exhibits a capacity loss of only 0.059% per cycle over 350 cycles at 0.5 C, significantly outperforming conventional pre-sodiation approaches.