A 'Cooling Balm' for Humid Cities: Cement-Based Integrated Cooling Paint for Passive Radiative and Evaporative Cooling

• • CCP-30 achieves solar reflectance of ~93% in dry state and ~89% when wetted, with emissivity ~95% in the atmospheric window (8–13 μm), ensuring robust radiative cooling performance under humid conditions. • • Field tests in Singapore (RH ~80%) demonstrated a ~5°C lower surface temperature on CCP-coated facades compared to commercial radiative cooling paint, and an ~8°C reduction on a proximate black absorber, directly mitigating urban heat island effects. • • Building energy simulations indicated 30–40% more savings in air conditioning electricity consumption compared to commercial counterparts, with stable performance across varying weather conditions. • • The paint's cementitious matrix, reinforced with PVA and LiCl, inhibits plastic shrinkage and promotes continued hydration, yielding a dense, robust microstructure that ensures long-term durability and broad substrate adhesion, addressing the swelling and degradation issues of hydrogels.