Carbon Emission Accounting and Analysis Method Considering Green Certificate Trading and Grid-Region Mapping
The segmentation between China's green certificate (GC) trading and carbon markets has created a critical accounting gap: existing regional grid emission factors fail to deduct renewable energy environmental attributes already transferred via GC transactions, resulting in double counting of green power benefits. This study proposes a carbon emission accounting framework that integrates geospatial information with GC trading mechanisms. A GC-carbon reduction association model is established, systematically classifying GC transaction types and formulating corresponding accounting criteria. A differentiated accounting framework based on transaction characteristics enables spatial matching between GC transactions and regional power grids. Kalman filtering and inversion techniques are applied to optimize the accuracy of thermal power plant carbon emission monitoring data. Validation is conducted using the IEEE 30-bus system and a geographic region in China. The framework addresses the dual-calculation deficiency in current practices, where grid emission factors retain renewable energy shares that have already been traded as GCs. By establishing a mapping relationship between the power network and geographic regions, the method enables precise carbon accounting at both source and consumption ends. The results demonstrate the rationality and effectiveness of the proposed approach, providing a methodological foundation for coordinating GC trading with carbon market accounting rules and supporting the establishment of unified carbon emission accounting standards that avoid environmental benefit duplication.